最近换了新公司，公司新项目要用Django，因为现在的领导对Django比较熟悉，对于我这种运维出身，对性能有着要求的人不能用tornado这种牛逼框架，心里是无限的悲伤啊。没办法日子还得过啊，所以进入可繁忙的开发期，这一用不要紧，还用出了感情，发现Django还多内置的app搭建网站速度还真快，接下来就给大家介绍一下他的用户系统
Django版本：1.6.2
Django用户系统
Django自带了用户系统，里面包含了认证系统，非常好用，可以免去自己造轮子，但是由于Django内部的用户系统可用字段只有firstname，lastname，email等几个基础的字段，如果要实现有中国特色的好web必须需要进行扩展，经过一段时间的研究，终于搞定。
自定义用户系统
现在自己的项目中建立一个app，也就是一个目录，里面要有 init.py 文件
然后根据官方文档的要求创建并写入models.py文件：
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#! /usr/bin/env python
#coding=utf-8
from django.db import models
from django.contrib.auth.models import (
BaseUserManager, AbstractBaseUser,PermissionsMixin
)
class UserManager(BaseUserManager):
def create_user(self, email, username, telephone, password=None):
"""
Creates and saves a User with the given email, date of
birth and password.
"""
if not email:
raise ValueError('Users must have an email address')
user = self.model(
email=self.normalize_email(email),
username=username,
telephone=telephone,
)
user.set_password(password)
user.save(using=self._db)
return user
def create_superuser(self, email,username, password, telephone=""):
"""
Creates and saves a superuser with the given email, username and password.
"""
user = self.create_user(email=email,
username=username,
password=password,
telephone=telephone
)
user.is_admin = True
user.save(using=self._db)
return user
class User(AbstractBaseUser,PermissionsMixin):
#注意：不继承PermissionsMixin类，是无法实现使用Django Group功能的，本人的项目需要使用所以继承该类。
email = models.EmailField(
verbose_name='email address',
max_length=255,
unique=True,
)
username = models.CharField(
max_length=100,
unique=True,
db_index=True
)
# avatar = models.URLField(
# blank=True
# )
telephone = models.CharField(
max_length=50
)
created_at = models.DateTimeField(
auto_now_add=True
)
is_active = models.BooleanField(default=True)
is_admin = models.BooleanField(default=False)
objects = UserManager()
USERNAME_FIELD = 'email'
REQUIRED_FIELDS = ['username']
def get_full_name(self):
# The user is identified by their email address
return self.email
def get_short_name(self):
# The user is identified by their email address
return self.username
# On Python 3: def __str__(self):
def __unicode__(self):
return self.email
def has_perm(self, perm, obj=None):
"Does the user have a specific permission?"
# Simplest possible answer: Yes, always
return True
def has_module_perms(self, app_label):
"Does the user have permissions to view the app `app_label`?"
# Simplest possible answer: Yes, always
return True
@property
def is_staff(self):
"Is the user a member of staff?"
# Simplest possible answer: All admins are staff
return self.is_admin
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然后，我们要注册admin，再创建admin.py文件：
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from django import forms
from django.contrib import admin
from django.contrib.auth.models import Group
from django.contrib.auth.admin import UserAdmin
from django.contrib.auth.forms import ReadOnlyPasswordHashField
from app_store.account.models import User
class UserCreationForm(forms.ModelForm):
"""A form for creating new users. Includes all the required
fields, plus a repeated password."""
password1 = forms.CharField(label='Password', widget=forms.PasswordInput)
password2 = forms.CharField(label='Password confirmation', widget=forms.PasswordInput)
class Meta:
model = User
fields = ('email', 'username', 'telephone')
def clean_password2(self):
# Check that the two password entries match
password1 = self.cleaned_data.get("password1")
password2 = self.cleaned_data.get("password2")
if password1 and password2 and password1 != password2:
raise forms.ValidationError("Passwords don't match")
return password2
def save(self, commit=True):
# Save the provided password in hashed format
user = super(UserCreationForm, self).save(commit=False)
user.set_password(self.cleaned_data["password1"])
if commit:
user.save()
return user
class UserChangeForm(forms.ModelForm):
"""A form for updating users. Includes all the fields on
the user, but replaces the password field with admin's
password hash display field.
"""
password = ReadOnlyPasswordHashField()
class Meta:
model = User
fields = ('email', 'password', 'username','telephone', 'is_active', 'is_admin')
def clean_password(self):
# Regardless of what the user provides, return the initial value.
# This is done here, rather than on the field, because the
# field does not have access to the initial value
return self.initial["password"]
class UserAdmin(UserAdmin):
# The forms to add and change user instances
form = UserChangeForm
add_form = UserCreationForm
# The fields to be used in displaying the User model.
# These override the definitions on the base UserAdmin
# that reference specific fields on auth.User.
list_display = ('email', 'username', 'is_admin')
list_filter = ('is_admin','groups')
fieldsets = (
(None, {'fields': ('email', 'password')}),
('Personal info', {'fields': ('username','groups')}),
('Permissions', {'fields': ('is_admin',)}),
)
# add_fieldsets is not a standard ModelAdmin attribute. UserAdmin
# overrides get_fieldsets to use this attribute when creating a user.
add_fieldsets = (
(None, {
'classes': ('wide',),
'fields': ('email', 'username', 'password1', 'password2')}
),
)
search_fields = ('email',)
ordering = ('email',)
filter_horizontal = ()
# Now register the new UserAdmin...
admin.site.register(User, UserAdmin)
# ... and, since we're not using Django's built-in permissions,
# unregister the Group model from admin.
# admin.site.unregister(Group)
# admin.site.register(Group)
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关于admin.site.unregister(Group)，官方写的是不注册到admin，但是根据我自己的需求，我还是需要Group功能来做权限的，所以就注释掉了该行。
然后要将写好的 account 加入到settings文件的INSTALLED_APPS中，如下：
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INSTALLED_APPS = (
'django.contrib.admin',
'django.contrib.auth',
'django.contrib.contenttypes',
'django.contrib.sessions',
'django.contrib.messages',
'django.contrib.staticfiles',
'test', #自己的应用
'test.account', #建立的account应用
)
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然后设置在settings文件中加入：
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AUTH_USER_MODEL = 'account.User'
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接着同步数据库：
应用
在view中直接写注册方法，如下：
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from django.shortcuts import render_to_response
from django.http import HttpResponse
from app_store.account.models import User
def register(request):
if request.method == 'GET':
return render_to_response("register.html")
if request.method == 'POST':
username = request.POST['username']
password = request.POST['password']
email = request.POST['email']
telephone = request.POST['telephone']
User.objects.create_user(
email=email, username=username, password=password, telephone=telephone)
html = '''<html><head><body><a href="/">回到首页</a><h2>注册成功</h2></body></head></html>'''
return HttpResponse(html)
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